Some years later, the Ghabbour Brothers began to assemble Cadillac, Chevrolet, and Buick models up to the 1990s. in that year were at a similar level to sales in China. [136], In October 2011, GM introduced the Chevrolet Spark EV, an all-electric car version of the third generation Chevrolet Spark, the first all-electric passenger car marketed by General Motors in the U.S. since the General Motors EV1 was discontinued in 1999. Stands Automaking on Its Head", "GM's Big Bet on the Made-in-the-USA Sonic Subcompact", "This Is The Very Last Chevy Sonic Produced", "Through Alliance, G.M. [45][46], 1928 Pontiac Series 6-28 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan, 1932 Pontiac Series 402 Six 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan, During World War II, GM produced vast quantities of armaments, vehicles, and aircraft for the Allies of World War II. In the mid of the 1950s, GM withdrew from the Egyptian market. Members Go on Strike Against G.M. [165][166], On March 6, 2017, General Motors sold its Opel and Vauxhall brands to PSA Group for $2.3 billion. On September 24, 2007, General Motors workers represented by the United Auto Workers union went on strike against the company. Among the jokes, many people were plain blunt with their thoughts about the new imagery. [252], In Australia, the Supercars Championship included Holden cars based on the Holden Commodore running a 5.0-litre V8-cylinder engine producing 635bhp (474kW). [194][195] GM's new logo used negative space to create the idea of an electric plug in the "M" of the logo. to Acquire Hughes Aaircraft in $5 Billion Bid", "GM AGREES TO BUY HALF OF SAAB'S CAR OPERATIONS", "G.M. 2022 www.freep.com. Sloan. The company planned to release these vehicles by Q4 of 2019 as part of initiatives to build a controlled self-driving fleet. It also holds interests in Chinese brands Wuling Motors and Baojun as well as DMAX via joint ventures. Former GM executive John DeLorean asserted, in his book On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors, that Nader's criticisms were valid. [26] The same year, GM introduced the Hydramatic, the world's first affordable and successful automatic transmission, for the 1940 Oldsmobile. The SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile joint-venture is also selling microvans under the Wuling brand (34% owned by GM). ", "Chevrolet Wins 40th NASCAR Cup Series Manufacturer's Championship", "NASCAR Cup Manufacturer Stats & Records", "Walkinshaw Andretti United Partners with Proven 3D Printing Technology Ready for 2021 Supercar Championship", GM redesigns iconic corporate logo as part new 'Everybody In' EV push, GM Joins Flat Logo Redesign Movement, Hiding Electric Vehicle Cue in the Design, "Here Are All 43 GM Brands, Listed In One Place", "Toyota sold 8.4M vehicles in 2010 to hold top spot", "GM's China vehicle sales in 2009 rose 66.9 percent", "World Ranking of Manufacturers Year 2010", "General Motors Sets New Sales Record in China in 2010", "GM global sales up 7.6% in 2011 to 9.026M vehicles; China and US largest markets", "Toyota Retakes Global Lead From GM on Disaster Recovery", "GM sells 10 million cars for first time thanks to China", "Mirelestone: China Is General Motors' Biggest Market", "GM's India Exit: The episodic events of shock, confusion and failure - ET Auto", "General Motors to stop India sales on rising losses - Times of India", "Nissan's Quarter-Millionth Leaf Means It's The Best-Selling Plug-in Car In History", "Global 10 Best-Selling Plug-In Cars Are Accelerating Forward", "Tesla Dominated U.S. Electric Vehicle Sales Over The Past Three Years", "RIP Chevy Volt: USA's Best-Selling Electric Car Of All Time", "GM Reports December 2005 and Year Results", "GM Reports 221,983 Deliveries in December; 2,980,688 Vehicles Sold in 2008", "Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac Post Sales Gains", "General Motors 2010 Calendar Year Sales Up 21 Percent; December Sales Increase 16", "GM's U.S. [181] The first vehicle, a pickup truck variant with over 1,000 horsepower, shipped in December 2021. [321] The total cost of the recall was estimated to be $1.5 billion. It acquired the remaining 20% in 1931. The hell?" Much of the technology from Sunraycer found its way into the Impact prototype electric vehicle (also built by Aerovironment) and was the predecessor to the General Motors EV1. Whitmer wants kids back in classrooms by March 1, The new campaign is an effort by GMto change gears from making mostly internal combustion vehicles to offering a wider selection of electric vehicles. $1,000,000 Airplane Contract", "General Motors' Diesel History - Baselines", "General Motors Once Built Locomotives Really Good Ones", "Packard Electric Sold; Shareholders Ratify Deal With General Motors by Stock Trade", "Planes, trains were also part of GM's grand plan", "ASTM A255-10: Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel", "Selling the First Successful Automatic Transmission: GM's Hydra-Matic", "Oldsmobile's Hydra-Matic, first mass-produced fully automatic transmission, turns 75", "The Nazi Party: General Motors & the Third Reich", "Ford and GM Scrutinized for Alleged Nazi Collaboration", "General Motors Moves to Enter Field of Off-Road Heavy Trucks; Offers an Exchange of Stock to the Holders of Shares of Euclid Machinery Co", "The Tangled Web of Euclid and Terex Truck History", "Sloan, 80, Retires as G.M. [66][67], GM installed its first catalytic converters in its 1975 models. The pricing strategy had Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile, Buick, and Cadillac priced from least expensive to most, respectively. The same year, GM acquired Samson Tractor. [188] Following fraud allegations from short-seller[citation needed] Hindenburg Research in relation to the mechanical capabilities of the Badger pickup truck along with separate sexual misconduct allegations involving former CEO Trevor Milton, GM scaled back its investment with Nikola via a smaller revised deal. The strike cost GM more than $2 billion, while members of the labor union were reduced to a salary of $275 a week in strike pay.[311]. [262] The top two markets in 2011 were China, with 2,547,203 units, and the United States, with 2,503,820 vehicles sold. [210], The Cadillac brand was introduced in China in 2004, starting with exports to China. [15] Durant was averse to automobiles, but fellow Flint businessman James H. Whiting, owner of Flint Wagon Works, sold him the Buick Motor Company in 1904. Chairman's Task: Bring Fresh Perspective", "G.M. [175][176], In March 2019, GM ceased production of the Chevrolet Volt. [264], In May 2012, GM recorded an 18.4% market share in the U.S. with stock imported. However, it had disastrous results due to poor durability in the Oldsmobile diesels and drivability issues in the Cadillac V8-6-4 variable-cylinder engines. "Loving a lot of the concepts coming out from non-big threeand Tesla contenders!". [22] Chevrolet Motor Company was consolidated into GM on May 2, 1918, and the same year GM acquired United Motors, a parts supplier founded by Durant and headed by Alfred P. Sloan for $45 million, and the McLaughlin Motor Car Company, founded by R. S. McLaughlin, became General Motors of Canada Limited. Facebook user Troy Simmer said:"Dang, who's five year old won the design contest?". [72] GM also intended to have EDS handle its bookkeeping, help computerize factories, and integrate GM's computer systems. Sells Its Lotus Group to Bugatti", "GM Will Sell EDS to Return To Auto Basics", "GM Board OKs Divestiture of Electronic Data Systems Unit", "Raytheon to Buy Hughes from GM for $9.5 Billion", "GM's Board Approves Sale Of Hughes Unit to Raytheon", "2004 Chevy Silverado LS1500 4WD Extended-Cab Hybrid", "GM's Two Mode hybrid system scores with transit agencies", "G.M. [9] ACDelco is the company's auto parts division. Only this time around, the letters are lowercase, and the underline is comparatively shorter and lives only under the "m. ". [85][86], In 1997, GM sold the military businesses of Hughes Aircraft Company to Raytheon Company for $9.5 billion in stock and the assumption of debt. [80] GM cut output significantly and suffered losses that year due to the early 1990s recession. [230], In the 1920s Miller Brothers Nigeria was founded as an importer of commercial vehicles of the Bedford brand into the country. This was the first time that GM produced a subcompact car in the United States since the Chevrolet Chevette ended production in 1986. GM also maintained an extensive network of spies throughout its plants. was presented in New York at the 2009 New York International Auto Show. In 1940, GM's William S. Knudsen served as head of U.S. wartime production for President Franklin Roosevelt and by 1942, all of GM's production was to support the war. The tool and die strike of 1939, also known as the "strategy strike", was an ultimately successful attempt by the United Auto Workers Union (UAW) to be recognized as the sole representative for General Motors workers. [205], General Motors has launched the largest investment project in its home state of Michigan, announcing plans to invest $7 billion to convert a plant to produce electric cars and build a new battery plant. [93], The General Motors EV1, an electric car, was introduced in California in 1996, In May 2004, GM delivered the first full-sized pickup truck hybrid vehicles, the 1/2-ton Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra trucks. GM was compensated $32 million by the U.S. government because its German factories were bombed by U.S. forces during the war. [129] LG Chem's U.S. subsidiary, Compact Power of Troy, Michigan, has been building the prototype packs for the development vehicles and will continue to provide integration support and act as a liaison for the program. [131] The Chevrolet Volt was a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with back-up generators powered by gasoline (range-extended electric vehicle). Chairman; Principals in General Motors Shift", "How G.M. [233], General Motors began operating in South Africa in 1913 through its wholly owned subsidiary, General Motors South Africa and was a market that briefly had its own local brand, Ranger. [70], Robert Lee of GM invented the Fe14Nd2B permanent magnet, which was fabricated by rapid solidification, in 1984. [34] The company also acquired an interest in the Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company the same year, and its president, John D. Hertz, joined the board of directors of GM; it acquired the remainder of the company in 1943. In January 2021, GM announced plans to end production and sales of vehicles using internal combustion engines, including hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrids by 2035, as part of its plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040. This review panel concluded that 'the 196063 Corvair compares favorably with contemporary vehicles used in the tests [] the handling and stability performance of the 196063 Corvair does not result in an abnormal potential for loss of control or rollover, and it is at least as good as the performance of some contemporary vehicles both foreign and domestic'. Surfaces in Court Fight Over Ignition Flaw", "2016 Volts Account For 1,324 Sales Out Of 2,035 October Deliveries", "Plug-in Electric Car Sales in Canada, October 2015: The Wallet Ballot", "2016 Chevrolet Volt Rated For 53 Miles Electric Range", "Lyft Raises $1 Billion, GM Joins As Investor And Driverless Car Partner", "Why General Motors Invested $500 Million in Lyft", "GM buys Cruise Automation to speed self-driving car strategy", "GM Buys Self-Driving Technology Startup Cruise", "Chevy Bolt EV range is 238 miles: Prime time for the electric car? "The new logo is meant to be a modernized version ofGM's trademark blue square, while still giving a nod to GM's heritage," the Free Press reported earlier Friday. [6] Its four core automobile brands are Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac. Between 1938 and 1950, GM allegedly deliberately monopolized the sale of buses and supplies to National City Lines (NCL) and its subsidiaries, in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, with the intention to dismantle streetcar systems in many cities in the United States and make buses, sold by GM, the dominant form of public transport. [81], In 1990, GM debuted the General Motors EV1 (Impact) concept, a battery electric vehicle, at the LA Auto Show. In 1954, sales of fully imported Holden vehicles into New Zealand began. As part of this push, GM transferred Buick Sail to that brand as an attempt to appeal to Chinese middle-class buyers looking for small and affordable cars. [153] As well as the Cobalts, the switches of concern had been installed in many other cars, such as the Pontiac G5, the Saturn Ion, the Chevrolet HHR, the Saturn Sky, and Pontiac Solstice. GM has a long history in Egypt which began in the 1920s with the assembly of cars and light pickup trucks for the local market. Official", "GM fought safety, emissions rules, but then invented ways to comply", "G.M. [269][270], Global Volt/Ampera family sales totalled about 177,000 units from its inception in December 2010 through 2018. In that year Argentina, Colombia, and Venezuela sold another 300,000 GM vehicles, suggesting that the total GM sales in South America (including sales in other South American countries such as Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, etc.) The strike ended after 44 days. [23][24][25] In 1919, GM acquired Guardian Frigerator Company, part owned by Durant, which was renamed Frigidaire. [30] This led to the development of higher compression engines resulting in more power and efficiency. [11], The company traces itself to a holding company for Buick established on September 16, 1908, by William C. Durant, the largest seller of horse-drawn vehicles at the time. [20] In November 1911, Durant co-founded Chevrolet with Swiss race car driver Louis Chevrolet, who left the company in 1915 after a disagreement with Durant. [77], In 1988, GM acquired a 15% stake in AeroVironment. [147][148][149], In late 2013, after having lost approximately $18 billion over 12 years, GM began phasing out mainstream sales of Chevrolet in Europe, and finished by late 2015, to focus on Opel/Vauxhall. in 1970's Prosperity, Dies", "Richard C. Gerstenberg, 92, G.M. "Its kind of a bland logo but I am ready for electric vehicles!" The Chevrolet brand was the main contributor to GM performance, with 4.76 million vehicles sold around the world in 2011, a global sales record. covered the EV1 story. GM New Zealand was renamed Holden New Zealand in 1994. Barra also joined the GM board. [303] It was "the longest strike against a major manufacturer" that the UAW had yet seen, and it was also "the longest national GM strike in its history". Mitchell Defay said. According to Wyndham Mortimer, the UAW officer put in charge of the organizing campaign in Flint, he received a death threat by an anonymous caller when he visited Flint in 1936. [249] In the past, the Pontiac Grand Prix,[250] Buick Regal, Oldsmobile Cutlass, Chevrolet Lumina, Chevrolet Malibu, Chevrolet Monte Carlo, Chevrolet Impala, and the Chevrolet SS were also used. [186][187], In September 2020, GM announced a partnership with Nikola Corporation to engineer and manufacture the Nikola Badger and GM made an equity investment in Nikola. [112][113] On July 10, 2009, the original General Motors sold assets and some subsidiaries to an entirely new company, including the trademark "General Motors". [79], In August 1990, Robert Stempel became CEO of the company, succeeding Roger Smith. [16][40] The following year, GM acquired a controlling interest in North American Aviation and merged it with the General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation. [111], General Motors filed for a government-backed Chapter 11 reorganization on June 8, 2009. The company headquarters is situated in Detroit, Michigan. [42], Jominy & Boegehold of GM invented the Jominy end-quench test for hardenability of carbon steel in 1937, a breakthrough in heat treating still in use today as ASTM A255. The Impact was produced as the EV1 for the 1996 model year and was available through only via lease from certain dealers in California and Arizona. [213], In 2011, GM opened an auto research center as part of a US250million corporate campus in Shanghai to develop gasoline-hybrid cars, electric vehicles and alternative fuel vehicles, engines, and new technologies. All rights reserved. [48][49] Nazi armaments chief Albert Speer allegedly said in 1977 that Hitler "would never have considered invading Poland" without synthetic fuel technology provided by General Motors. In 2010, vehicle sales in China by GM rose 28.8% to a record 2,351,610 units. [3] It is the largest automaker in the United States and was the largest in the world for 77 years, until losing the top spot to Toyota in 2008.[4][5]. [221], GM withdrew the Chevrolet brand from Indonesia in March 2020. [16], In December 1953, GM acquired Euclid Trucks, a manufacturer of heavy equipment for earthmoving, including dump trucks, loaders and wheel tractor-scrapers, which later spawned the Terex brand. [18] Under Durant, GM went on to acquire Cadillac, Elmore, Welch, Cartercar, Oakland (predecessor of Pontiac), the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan (predecessors of GMC) in 1909. After the first convention of UAW in 1936, the union decided that it could not survive by piecemeal organizing campaigns at smaller plants, as it had in the past, but that it could organize the automobile industry only by going after its biggest and most powerful employer, General Motors Corporation, focusing on GM's production complex in Flint, Michigan. [36], GM acquired Allison Engine Company[16][37] and began developing a 1,000 horsepower liquid-cooled aircraft engine in 1929. [215], SAIC-GM-Wuling established the low-cost Baojun brand to better compete with domestic rivals, Chery Automobile, Geely Automobile and BYD Auto for first-time buyers of cars priced around US$10,000. From November 21, 1945, until March 13, 1946, (113 days) CIO's United Automobile Workers (UAW), organized "320,000 hourly workers" to form a US-wide strike against the General Motors Corporation, workers used the tactic of the sit down strike. [82], In November 1992, John F. Smith Jr. became CEO of the company. [71] The same year, GM acquired Electronic Data Systems for $2.5 billion from Ross Perot as part of a strategy by CEO Roger Smith to derive at least 10% of its annual worldwide revenue from non-automotive sources. [87][88][89][90], In February 2000, Rick Wagoner was named CEO, succeeding John F. Smith Jr.[91][92] The next month, GM gave 5.1% of its common stock, worth $2.4 billion, to acquire a 20% share of Fiat. [198], In 2021, GM announced plans to establish an automotive battery and battery pack laboratory in Michigan. The 19361937 Flint sit-down strike against General Motors changed the United Automobile Workers (UAW) from a collection of isolated local unions on the fringes of the industry into a major labor union and led to the unionization of the domestic United States automobile industry. In 2021, Chevrolet became the first brand to reach 800 wins. In addition to assembly, GMEA also marketed the Chevrolet Spark and Optra. [319], In May 2014, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration fined the company $35 million for failing to recall cars with faulty ignition switches for a decade, despite knowing there was a problem with the switches. [16] The action of the bankers was partially influenced by the Panic of 19101911 that followed the earlier enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. [47] GM's Vauxhall Motors manufactured the Churchill tank series for the Allies, instrumental in the North African campaign. Durant, with the board's approval, also tried acquiring Ford Motor Company but needed an additional $2 million. [28] He also implemented the pricing strategy used by all car companies today. The recall involved about 2.6 million GM cars worldwide. Other people poked fun at GM's choice to go with lower-case letters this time around. Nader's lawsuit against GM was ultimately decided by the New York Court of Appeals, whose opinion in the case expanded tort law to cover "overzealous surveillance". In 1948, the first fully manufactured Australian car, the Holden 48-215, was released to great fanfare amongst the Australian public. In substitution for the cost-cutting lack of a front stabilizer bar (anti-roll bar), Corvairs required tire pressures that were outside of the tire manufacturer's recommended tolerances. [7] GM Defense produces military vehicles for the U.S. Department of Defense and the Department of State. [119], In July 2009, after 40 days of bankruptcy protection, the company emerged from the government-backed General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization. GM has also designed cars specifically for use in NASCAR auto racing. Flaw", "A retrospective look at rescuing and restructuring General Motors and Chrysler", Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, List of automobiles manufactured in the United States, Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, ChinaJapanSouth Korea trilateral summit, DoddFrank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession, List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession, Effects of the Great Recession on museums, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&oldid=1099504892, Aircraft engine manufacturers of the United States, Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009, Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United States, Electrical generation engine manufacturers, Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan, Multinational companies headquartered in the United States, Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1908, Articles with dead external links from January 2022, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, North America, Middle East, China, Japan, South Korea, Europe, Americas, China, Middle East, CIS, South Korea, Philippines, Joseph Ashton, former Vice President of the International Union at, Linda Gooden, former Vice President of Information Systems and Global Solutions at, Theodore Solso, former CEO and Chairman of, Thomas NealNovember 19, 1912 November 16, 1915. Business data for General Motors Company: (1) Non-U.S. based parent company that owns subsidiaries headquartered in U.S. (2) Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business, This page was last edited on 21 July 2022, at 04:02.